The Legacy of Pei: Heirs of the State of Zhu
Main lineage: From the Cao surname, descendants of the ancient Zhuanxu. In the Zhou era the state of Zhu was enfeoffed; after it was extinguished, the descendants dropped the "yi" radical from the character and took Zhu as their surname.
A clan of many sources: Includes ethnic-minority surname changes and bestowed surnames.
Root points: The ancient state of Zhu in Shandong; the Pei region in Anhui.
▸ Internal migration: The clan arose in Shandong; the Wei–Jin migration took it to Jiangnan; in the Ming dynasty Zhu became the imperial surname and the clan grew greatly; the Ming and Qing saw moves into Fujian and Guangdong and the filling of Sichuan from Huguang.
▸ Overseas branches: Zhus of southern Fujian and Chaoshan went to the Nanyang.