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The Surname Archive

THE SURNAME ARCHIVE · 40 FAMILIES

Where do I come from? — A family name is a road walked for thousands of years.

“Ask me where my ancestors came from: the great locust tree of Hongtong, Shanxi.”

For the Chinese, a surname is a genealogy carried on one's back. It records a fief granted, a migration made, a voyage to the South Seas; it records the three characters a family still wrote above the ancestral hall door in a new land — the commandery, the hall name, the ancestral home.

This archive follows the March 2026 household-registration statistics of the Ministry of Public Security and covers the forty largest surnames. For each: origins, migration, commandery seats, hall names and family precepts — with key Nanyang (Southeast Asian) Chinese surnames flagged, offering overseas Chinese a thread to follow home.

01 王 The Wangs of the World: Many Roots, One Lineage Top Five Surnames · Central Plains Origin Taiyuan 太原 · Langya 琅琊 · Taiyuan Hall 太原堂 · Langya Hall 琅琊堂 02 李 The Lis of Longxi: Branches Across the Four Seas Top Five Surnames · Central Plains Origin Longxi 陇西 · Longxi Hall 陇西堂 03 张 A Surname Born of the Bow, Spread Across the Globe Top Five Surnames · Central Plains Origin Qinghe 清河 · Qinghe Hall 清河堂 04 刘 Blood of the Han House, Carried Across the Oceans Top Five Surnames · Central Plains Origin Pengcheng 彭城 · Pengcheng Hall 彭城堂 05 陈 One Line from Yingchuan, Carried Far to the Nanyang Top Five Surnames · Key Nanyang Chinese Surname · Central Plains Origin Yingchuan 颍川 · Yingchuan Hall 颍川堂 — the core Chen hall name, used almost universally in overseas Chen ancestral halls 06 杨 The Yangs of Hongnong: A Legacy of Integrity Central Plains Origin Hongnong 弘农 · Hongnong Hall 弘农堂 · Four-Knowledge Hall 四知堂 07 黄 The Renown of Jiangxia, a Nanyang Powerhouse Key Nanyang Chinese Surname · Central Plains Origin Jiangxia 江夏 · Jiangxia Hall 江夏堂 08 赵 The Zhaos of Tianshui: Heirs of the Ying Central Plains Origin Tianshui 天水 · Tianshui Hall 天水堂 09 吴 The High Virtue of Yanling: One Kinship Across the Seas Central Plains Origin Yanling 延陵 · Yanling Hall 延陵堂 10 周 The Enduring Legacy of Runan: Descendants of the Zhou House Central Plains Origin Runan 汝南 · Runan Hall 汝南堂 11 徐 A Lineage from the Eastern Sea: The Legacy of the State of Xu Central Plains Origin Donghai 东海 · Donghai Hall 东海堂 12 孙 The Renown of Le'an: The Clan of the Sage of War Central Plains Origin Le'an 乐安 · Le'an Hall 乐安堂 13 马 The Mas of Fufeng: Far-Traveled on the Silk Road Central Plains Origin Fufeng 扶风 · Fufeng Hall 扶风堂 14 朱 The Legacy of Pei: Heirs of the State of Zhu Central Plains Origin Pei 沛国 · Pei Hall 沛国堂 15 胡 The House of Anding: Descendants of Gui Man Central Plains Origin Anding 安定 · Anding Hall 安定堂 16 郭 The Legacy of Fenyang: Heirs of the State of Guo Central Plains Origin Taiyuan 太原 · Fenyang 汾阳 · Fenyang Hall 汾阳堂 17 何 The Legacy of Lujiang: Han and He, One Kin Key Nanyang Chinese Surname · Central Plains Origin Lujiang 庐江 · Lujiang Hall 庐江堂 18 林 Nine Dragons, Branching Far: A Giant Clan of Fujian, Taiwan, and the Nanyang Key Nanyang Chinese Surname · Central Plains Origin Xihe 西河 · Xihe Hall 西河堂 · Jiumu Hall 九牧堂 19 高 The Renown of Bohai: Descendants of Jiang Taigong Central Plains Origin Bohai 渤海 · Bohai Hall 渤海堂 20 郑 The Legacy of Xingyang: A Nanyang Powerhouse Key Nanyang Chinese Surname · Central Plains Origin Xingyang 荥阳 · Xingyang Hall 荥阳堂 21 梁 The Liang Clan of Anding: A Great Family of the Two Guangs and Nanyang Key Nanyang Chinese Surname · Central Plains Origin Anding 安定 · Anding Tang 安定堂 22 谢 The Treasure Tree: A Legacy of the Xie of Minnan and Chaoshan Key Nanyang Chinese Surname · Central Plains Origin Chenliu 陈留 · Baoshu Tang 宝树堂 23 宋 The Song Clan of Jingzhao: Descendants of Weizi Central Plains Origin Jingzhao 京兆 · Jingzhao Tang 京兆堂 24 唐 The Tang Clan of Jinyang: Lineage of Emperor Yao Central Plains Origin Jinyang 晋阳 · Jinyang Tang 晋阳堂 25 许 The Xu Clan of Gaoyang: A Distinguished Nanyang Family Key Nanyang Chinese Surname · Central Plains Origin Gaoyang 高阳 · Gaoyang Tang 高阳堂 26 韩 The Han Clan of Nanyang: A Line of the Ji Surname Central Plains Origin Nanyang 南阳 · Nanyang Tang 南阳堂 27 冯 The Feng Clan of Shiping: Descendants of Feng Jianzi Central Plains Origin Shiping 始平 · Shiping Tang 始平堂 28 邓 The Deng Clan of Nanyang: Founded by Duke Man Central Plains Origin Nanyang 南阳 · Nanyang Tang 南阳堂 29 曾 The Zeng Clan: "I Examine Myself Thrice Daily" — the Clan of the Second Sage Key Nanyang Chinese Surname · Central Plains Origin Lu 鲁郡 · Sanxing Tang 三省堂 30 彭 The Peng Clan of Longxi: Descendants of Pengzu Central Plains Origin Longxi 陇西 · Longxi Tang 陇西堂 31 吕 The Lü Clan of Hedong: A Branch of Jiang Taigong Central Plains Origin Hedong 河东 · Hedong Tang 河东堂 32 苏 The Su Clan of Wugong: Descendants of Kunwu Key Nanyang Chinese Surname · Central Plains Origin Wugong 武功 · Wugong Tang 武功堂 33 蔡 The Cai Clan of Jiyang: Heirs of the State of Cai Key Nanyang Chinese Surname · Central Plains Origin Jiyang 济阳 · Jiyang Tang 济阳堂 34 叶 The Ye Clan of Nanyang: Descendants of Shen Yin Zhuliang Key Nanyang Chinese Surname · Central Plains Origin Nanyang 南阳 · Nanyang Tang 南阳堂 35 廖 The Liao Clan of Wuwei: A Hakka Émigré Surname Key Nanyang Chinese Surname · Central Plains Origin Wuwei 武威 · Wuwei Tang 武威堂 36 钟 The Zhong Clan of Yingchuan: Founded by Duke Lie Key Nanyang Chinese Surname · Central Plains Origin Yingchuan 颍川 · Yingchuan Tang 颍川堂 37 潘 The Pan Clan of Xingyang: Descendants of Duke Bi Central Plains Origin Xingyang 荥阳 · Xingyang Tang 荥阳堂 38 余 The Yu Clan of Xiapi: Founded by You Yu Central Plains Origin Xiapi 下邳 · Xiapi Tang 下邳堂 39 卢 The Lu Clan of Fanyang: Descendants of Jiang Taigong Central Plains Origin Fanyang 范阳 · Fanyang Tang 范阳堂 40 蒋 The Jiang Clan of Le’an: Descendants of the Duke of Zhou Central Plains Origin Le’an 乐安 · Le’an Tang 乐安堂

※ Most surnames have many lines of origin — we present the most widespread mainstream account, and genealogical records should remain the final authority.